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Learning resources, openly available
Study material written by subject specialists, organised by subject, level and topic. Free to read, and added topic by topic rather than published as empty pages.
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- Study Guides Topic explanations written to be read once and understood. 34 published
- Revision Notes Condensed notes for the final weeks before an examination. 1 published
- Past Papers Organised by board, subject and session, with guidance on using them well. 0 published
- Practice Questions Question sets by topic, with worked solutions. 1 published
- Exam Preparation Timetables, technique and how marks are actually awarded. 0 published
- Subject Guides What a subject covers at each level, and how to choose. 0 published
- Learning Articles Study method, memory and independent work. 0 published
Recently published
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Study Guides
Acids and Bases: The Brønsted-Lowry Theory
The Brønsted-Lowry theory, strong vs weak acids and bases, neutralisation, and reading titration curves and indicator choice, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Addition Polymerisation
Deducing polymer repeat units and monomers, and the disposal problems addition polymers cause, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Alcohols: Reactions and Oxidation
Production, oxidation and distinguishing tests for primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Analytical Techniques: Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry
Reading an infrared spectrum for functional groups, and interpreting a mass spectrum for relative atomic mass, molecular mass, fragmentation and halogen content, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Atomic Structure: Particles, Radius and Isotopes
Subatomic particles, deflection in an electric field, atomic and ionic radius trends, and isotopes, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Carbonyl Compounds: Aldehydes and Ketones
Producing and reducing aldehydes and ketones, the nucleophilic addition mechanism with HCN, and the tests that identify and distinguish them, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
Study Guides
Topic explanations written to be read once and understood.
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Study Guides
Acids and Bases: The Brønsted-Lowry Theory
The Brønsted-Lowry theory, strong vs weak acids and bases, neutralisation, and reading titration curves and indicator choice, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
-
Study Guides
Addition Polymerisation
Deducing polymer repeat units and monomers, and the disposal problems addition polymers cause, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
-
Study Guides
Alcohols: Reactions and Oxidation
Production, oxidation and distinguishing tests for primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Analytical Techniques: Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry
Reading an infrared spectrum for functional groups, and interpreting a mass spectrum for relative atomic mass, molecular mass, fragmentation and halogen content, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Atomic Structure: Particles, Radius and Isotopes
Subatomic particles, deflection in an electric field, atomic and ionic radius trends, and isotopes, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Carbonyl Compounds: Aldehydes and Ketones
Producing and reducing aldehydes and ketones, the nucleophilic addition mechanism with HCN, and the tests that identify and distinguish them, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Carboxylic Acids and Esters
Producing and reacting carboxylic acids, esterification, and the difference between acid and alkaline ester hydrolysis, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Atomic Structure: Orbitals and Ionisation Energy
Electronic configuration by orbital, and how ionisation energy trends and data are explained and interpreted, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry at AS
Ionic formulae from Roman-numeral oxidation numbers, ionic equations, and stoichiometric calculations including limiting reagent and percentage yield, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Chemical Bonding: Electronegativity, Ionic and Metallic Bonds
Electronegativity trends, the electrostatic models of ionic and metallic bonding, and using electronegativity to predict bond type, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Chemical Bonding: Shapes and Intermolecular Forces
Orbital overlap, VSEPR shapes and bond angles, hydrogen bonding and van der Waals' forces, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Chemical Energetics: Hess's Law and Enthalpy Cycles
Standard enthalpy changes, bond-energy calculations, and using Hess's law to construct enthalpy cycles, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Chemical Equilibria: Kc, Kp and Le Chatelier's Principle
Dynamic equilibrium, Le Chatelier's principle, and the Kc and Kp equilibrium-constant expressions, including the Haber and Contact processes, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Group 17: The Halogens
Physical and chemical trends down Group 17, halide-ion reducing power, the silver nitrate and concentrated sulfuric acid tests, and chlorine's disproportionation reactions, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Group 2: The Alkaline Earth Metals
Reactions of the Group 2 metals and their oxides, hydroxides, carbonates and nitrates, and the solubility and thermal-stability trends down the group, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Halogenoalkanes: Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination
SN1 and SN2 nucleophilic substitution, elimination, and the reactivity trend across halogenoalkanes, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Nitrogen and Sulfur: Reactivity and Atmospheric Chemistry
Why nitrogen is so unreactive, the basicity of ammonia, and the role of nitrogen oxides in photochemical smog and acid rain, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Nitrogen Compounds: Amines and Nitriles
Producing primary amines, nitriles and hydroxynitriles, and how they connect to the halogenoalkane and carbonyl chemistry already covered, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Hydrocarbons: Alkanes and Alkenes
Free-radical substitution in alkanes and electrophilic addition in alkenes, with full mechanisms, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Organic Synthesis: Planning Multi-Step Routes
Identifying functional groups, planning multi-step synthetic routes, and analysing given routes, using every AS organic reaction together, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
The Periodic Table: Periodicity Across Period 3
Physical and chemical periodicity across Period 3 (Na to Ar), including oxide and chloride reactions with water, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Reaction Kinetics: Collision Theory and Catalysis
Collision theory, activation energy, the Boltzmann distribution, and how catalysts work, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Redox Processes: Oxidation Numbers and Electron Transfer
Calculating and using oxidation numbers, balancing equations by oxidation-number change, and disproportionation, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
States of Matter: Ideal Gases and Structure
The ideal gas equation pV = nRT, and the four types of giant/molecular lattice structure and how they determine physical properties, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Atoms, Elements and Compounds
Elements, compounds and mixtures, atomic structure, electronic configuration and isotopes for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Chemistry · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Study Guides
Formulae, Equations and the Mole
Formulae, balanced equations, relative masses and mole calculations for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070 — where the two qualifications differ most.
Chemistry · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Study Guides
Identification of Ions and Gases
The reagents, observations and conclusions for identifying anions, cations, gases and flame colours, for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Chemistry · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Study Guides
Ionic, Covalent and Metallic Bonding
Ionic, covalent, giant covalent and metallic bonding for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070, with structure explaining properties throughout.
Chemistry · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Study Guides
Organic Mechanisms: An Introduction
The naming conventions, mechanism vocabulary and isomerism you need before studying any specific organic reaction, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Chemistry · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
The Periodic Table: Groups and Trends
How the Periodic Table is arranged, and the trends in Group I, Group VII, the transition elements and the noble gases, for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Chemistry · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Study Guides
Rates of Reaction and Reversible Reactions
Collision theory, the factors that change reaction rate, reversible reactions, equilibrium, and the Haber and Contact processes, for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Chemistry · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Study Guides
Redox Reactions
Oxidation and reduction by oxygen transfer, electron transfer and oxidation number, for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Chemistry · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Study Guides
States of Matter and Kinetic Particle Theory
Particle arrangement, changes of state and diffusion for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070, with IGCSE Core and Extended outcomes clearly labelled.
Chemistry · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Study Guides
Kinematics and Motion Graphs
Reading displacement, velocity and acceleration graphs, and knowing which equation applies.
Physics · IGCSE, O LEVELS
Revision Notes
Condensed notes for the final weeks before an examination.
Practice Questions
Question sets by topic, with worked solutions.
How the library is organised
Every piece of material has one home, so it can be found the same way twice: by subject, then by level within a program, then by topic.
- 01Subject hub —
/subjects/chemistry/ - 02Level within a program —
/programs/igcse/ - 03Topic material —
/resources/atomic-structure/